Onkológia 3/2019

Zmeny v epidemiológii nádorov hlavy a krku –naše skúsenosti

MUDr. Barbora Uhliarová, PhD., MUDr. Martin Švec

Úvod: Nádory hlavy a krku predstavujú vážny zdravotný aj spoločenský problém. V etiopatogenéze zohráva úlohu predovšetkým fajčenie a alkohol, ako aj vírusy – predovšetkým ľudský papilomavírus (HPV). Materiál a metódy: Retrospektívna analýza pacientov, ktorým bol diagnostikovaný malígny nádor hlavy a krku na ORL oddelení FNsP F. D. Roosevelta v Banskej Bystrici v rokoch 2011 – 2018. Sledovali sme incidenciu, lokalizáciu, rizikové faktory, štádium ochorenia, ako aj zmenu v distribúcii jednotlivých nádorov (lokalizácia, štádium ochorenia) v sledovanom období. Výsledky: Malígny nádor hlavy a krku sa diagnostikoval u 718 pacientov. Malígny nádor horných dýchacích a prehĺtacích orgánov sa diagnostikoval u 567 pacientov (79 %), najčastejšie sa zistil karcinóm orofaryngu (46 %) a laryngu (34,5 %). V sledovanom období sa zistil nárast karcinómu orofaryngu (22 pacientov v roku 2011, 48 v roku 2018, p = 0,027), ako aj signifikantný pokles neskorých a nárast skorých štádií ochorenia u pacientov s orofaryngeálnym karcinómom (skoré štádiá priemerne 15 % do roku 2017; 48 % v roku 2018) (p = 0,002). Záver: Nádory hlavy a krku nie sú až také zriedkavé malignity. V porovnaní s ostatnými nádormi hlavy a krku, ktoré majú stabilný, prípadne mierne klesajúci trend, stúpa incidencia orofaryngeálnych karcinómov asociovaných s HPV infekciou.

Kľúčové slová: karcinómy hlavy a krku, etiopatogenéza, rizikové faktory, ľudský papilomavírus, štádium ochorenia

Changes in epidemiology of head and neck carcinoma – our experiences

Background: Head and neck cancer is a serious health and social problem. In the etiopathogenesis, smoking and alcohol, as well as viruses - especially human papillomavirus (HPV), play a role. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with head and cancer diagnosed at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, FD Roosevelt Faculty Hospital, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia in 2011-2018. Incidence, localization, risk factors, stage of disease and changes in distribution (primary tumor, stage) were evaluated. Results: Head and neck cancer was diagnosed in 718 patients. Malignant tumor of upper aerodigestive tract was diagnosed in 567 patients (79%). Orofaryngeal and laryngeal carcinoma was found most often (46%; 34.5%, respectively).| Increase incidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma (22 patients in 2011; 48 in 2018;Background: Head and neck cancer is a serious health and social problem. In the etiopathogenesis, smoking and alcohol, as well as viruses - especially human papillomavirus (HPV), play a role. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with head and cancer diagnosed at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, FD Roosevelt Faculty Hospital, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia in 2011-2018. Incidence, localization, risk factors, stage of disease and changes in distribution (primary tumor, stage) were evaluated. Results: Head and neck cancer was diagnosed in 718 patients. Malignant tumor of upper aerodigestive tract was diagnosed in 567 patients (79%). Orofaryngeal and laryngeal carcinoma was found most often (46%; 34.5%, respectively).| Increase incidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma (22 patients in 2011; 48 in 2018; P=0.027), as well as significant decrease of late stages and increase of early stages of disease in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma (incidence of early stages 15% in 2017; 48% in 2018; P=0.002) were detected. P=0.027), as well as significant decrease of late stages and increase of early stages of disease in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma (incidence of early stages 15% in 2017; 48% in 2018; P=0.002) were detected.

Keywords: ead and neck carcinoma, etiopathogenesis, risk factors, human papillomavirus, stage of disease