Via practica 2/2026

Early diagnosis of HCV through preventive screening in a high-risk patient

Introduction: Infection with the hepatitis C virus is generally asymptomatic and becomes clinically manifest only after the development of severe liver disease. For a certain period, it may remain latent without being diagnosed. Early screening and treatment can prevent an unfavorable course of the viral disease even in asymptomatic individuals (1). Hepatitis C is a serious global health problem. The annual mortality of this viral disease reaches approximately 350,000 deaths. Advances in serological and molecular diagnostic methods have led to significant improvements in both diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. PCR methods are currently used to monitor the effectiveness of antiviral therapy, guide therapeutic decision-making, and assess sustained virologic response 24 weeks after completion of treatment. Genotyping is essential for treatment planning, determining the expected duration of therapy, and predicting virologic response to treatment (2).

Case report: The following case report presents a 44-year-old patient with a history of alcohol abuse, arterial hypertension, and psoriasis under dermatological follow-up, in whom the presence of hepatitis C antibodies was confirmed in laboratory tests performed at his own request. This case emphasizes the importance of early screening, the proven effectiveness of antiviral therapy, and the necessity of regular follow-up by a specialist. The uniqueness of this case lies in the fact that early screening and diagnosis of clinically asymptomatic infection can prevent progression of the viral disease to the stage of complications and thereby reduce the risk of patient mortality.

Conclusion: Early-stage diagnosis of hepatitis C represents a key point in the course of the disease. In most patients, hepatitis C progresses to a chronic stage, defined as persistence of viremia for more than six months. During this period, the infection proceeds without specific clinical symptoms. Through screening, early diagnosis, and regular follow-up, it is possible to prevent complications of infectious liver disease and minimize transmission in high-risk groups. Early intervention during the initial phase of infection remains a valid approach in the era of direct-acting antivirals.

Keywords: hepatitis C, liver, screening