Via practica 2/2026

Cancer-associated thromboembolic disease

A hypercoagulable state is a characteristic feature of malignant tumors that has been recognized since the 19th century. It is caused by the specific prothrombotic properties of cancer cells, which include the expression and release of procoagulant molecules by the tumor, the activation of the host’s blood cells and endothelial cells, and the procoagulant potential is further increased by the administration of anticancer drugs. The risk of venous thromboembolism is higher in people with cancer than in those without cancer across all age groups. This common hematologic toxicity complicates the management of anticancer therapy, which may affect its efficacy; it is associated with the need for additional diagnostic tests, hospitalizations, and, consequently, increased healthcare costs. Despite long-established associations and pathogenesis, the issue of preventing thromboembolic disease in individuals with malignant tumors remains a challenging and critical question, and clinically useful tools are needed to identify patients at highest risk who may benefit most from primary thromboprophylaxis.

Keywords: venous thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, malignancy