Urologie pro praxi 3/2025
Principles of fluid and dietary intake in urolithiasis
Urolithiasis refers to the presence of urinary stones in the kidneys or urinary tract. It affects all age groups, with its incidence rising with increasing age. Given the fact that people of working age tend to be affected, urolithiasis is becoming not only a medical, but also a socio-economic issue. Insufficient diuresis and the concentration of lithogenic ions as well as the concentration of lithoprotective factors all play a major role in the development of urolithiasis. Impaired urine flow, whether it be anatomical or functional, and urine pH fluctuations are further factors contributing to the formation of stones. As for the principles of prevention (metaphylaxis), this can be divided into non-specific (general) and specific. Non-specific metaphylaxis (dealt with in this article) involves general principles that are the same for all types of urinary stones and apply to all patients in whom no morphological, functional, and, in particular, metabolic disorders were found on urological examination. The cornerstones of this type of metaphylaxis are: fluid intake and dietary habits.
Keywords: urolithiasis, non-specific metaphylaxis, fluid intake, diuresis, lithogenic substances, lithoprotective factors, metaphylaxis.
