Urologie pro praxi 4/2003
Faktory ovlivňující vznik karcinomu močového měchýře
The factors of bladder cancer Cigarette smoking is accepted widely as a cause of bladder cancer. Smoking accounts for about half of bladder cancer diagnosed among men and about one third of that among women. Moderate and heavy smokers typically show five fold risk of bladder cancer, compared with persones who never smoked. Clear evidence of bladder cancer risk also is apparent for a small number of occupational groups: dye workers, rubber workers, leather workers, painters, truck drivers and aluminium workers. Coffee drinking has been studied extensively as a potential risk factor, but the inconsistency of the observed associations suggests that the relationship is either quite weak, noncausal or dependent in a complex way on unmeasured factors. Arteficial sweeteners no excess bladder cancer risk. Less common risk factors for bladder cancer include ionizing radiation, cyclophosphamide use and abuse of phenacetin-containing analgetics. Consumption of fruits, vegetables and foods high in vitamin A have been suggested as possible protective factors; consumption of high – fat foods, pork and beef have been suggested as possible risk factors. Key words: bladder cancer, risk factors, smoking, protective factors.
