Serózny karcinóm tela maternice // SOLEN

Onkológia 2/2025

Uterine serous carcinoma

Uterine serous carcinoma is the most common type of non-endometrioid endometrial carcinoma and, despite its relatively low incidence, accounts for a disproportionately high number of deaths from endometrial cancer. This highly aggressive tumor is often diagnosed at advanced stages, is characterized by early lymphovascular and peritoneal spread, and has a significantly poorer prognosis compared to the endometrioid subtype. This review article summarizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, risk factors, molecular characteristics, and treatment strategies for uterine serous carcinoma. Special attention is given to molecular classification, which enables a better understanding of tumor biology and paves the way for personalized treatment approaches. We discuss the role of surgical staging, with a focus on sentinel lymph node mapping, the therapeutic relevance of lymphadenectomy, and the importance of cytoreduction in advanced disease. The article provides an overview of adjuvant treatment, including systemic therapy options, available combinations of chemotherapy with immunotherapy and targeted biological therapies, and outlines key molecular biomarkers relevant to treatment selection. The aim is to offer a practical perspective on the complex multidisciplinary management of this aggressive gynecologic malignancy.

Keywords: uterine serous carcinoma, molecular classification, sentinel lymph node biopsy, systematic lymphadenectomy, cytoreduction, immunotherapy, targeted therapy