Onkológia 3/2025
Prognostic and predictive biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma
Treatment options for advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have changed dramatically, and immunotherapy based on checkpoints inhibition is currently widely used in treatment. However, predictive and prognostic biomarkers are still explored for RCC. Currently, various characteristics associated with the tumor such as clinicopathological, genomic alterations, or transcriptional biomarkers are being studied, with an effort to find and identify high-risk patients with RCC and to determine the prognostic significance of various clinicopathological characteristics. It is also known that systemic inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of malignancy. One of them is the HALP index, which has been studied in various malignancies and its predictive significance in the treatment of metastatic RCC with nivolumab.
Keywords: HALP score, nivolumab, renal cell carcinoma, metastatic disease, biomarkers