Onkológia 3/2026

The latest advances in the diagnosis and treatment of renal-cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma is a biologically heterogeneous disease in which diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have changed substantially in recent years. This review presents the latest advances in imaging and molecular diagnostics, the management of localized disease, adjuvant therapy and systemic treatment of advanced disease. Particular attention is given to combined immunotherapy regimens and the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha. Further research is focused on the identification and validation of predictive biomarkers that could enable more precise patient selection, treatment personalization and optimal sequencing of available therapeutic options.

Keywords: renal cell carcinoma, immunotherapy, inhibition of tyrosine kinases, belzutifan