Neurológia pre prax 5/2025
Acute polyradiculoneuritis – Guillain-Barré syndrome
GBS is an autoimmune neuropathy and is the most frequent cause of acutely developed flaccid paresis. Infect or an immune impuls precede in 70 %. Molecular mimicry participates in pathogenesis. The illness developes till 4 weeks, but commonly during 2 weeks. In typical cases the GBS begins with hypesthesia and weakness of distal parts of lower etremities and then spreads in ascedent direction. Facial nerve is affected in 50 %. Paresis of ventilatory muscles may be a cause of intubation – in 30 %. Mortality undulates between 3 % and 10 %. After 6 months there are 60–80 % of patients able to walk unsupported. The relapses occure in 2–5 %. Electrophysiological investigation is very important and it defines demyelinating or axonal type of lesion. Clinical findings can be devided in generalized forms, focal forms and Miller-Fisher syndrome.
Keywords: autoimmune neuropathy, demyelination, axonal lesion, electomyography, therapy
