Via practica 3/2025
Preparing a patient with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus for non-cardiac surgery
Arterial hypertension, like diabetes mellitus, is a risk factor but also a disease in itself. These diseases are very often combined, especially as part of metabolic syndrome. According to statistical data, 20 % to 40 % of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 75 % of patients with type 2 diabetes also have arterial hypertension. Diabetic patients have a twice as high incidence of AH as the non-diabetic population. The adverse effects of both diseases on the blood vessels in the form of acceleration of the atherosclerosis process as well as damage to other target organs, in particular the heart, brain and kidneys, are multiplying. In 2022, more than 580 000 operations were carried out in Slovakia, according to National health information centre data. Of these, 239 179 (41 %) were in the hospital bed units, 309 149 were in the day-care units, and 34 998 (6 %) were in the emergency units. 338 056 diabetics were dispensed in diabetes ambulances in 2023, representing 7 % of the population of the Slovak Republic. All of the above statistics indicate a frequent need for good quality pre-treatment for these patients.
Keywords: arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular risk assessment, surgical risk, pre-operative preparation
