Slovenská chirurgia 1/2019
Immunological changes in postoperative period and possible influence of laparoscopic approach
Postoperative period is defined by neuroendocrine, metabolic and immunological changes. Alteration of immunological system homoeostasis, in terms of immunosuppression, mainly in its cellular component, is a common problem of early postoperative period, that can lead to development of postoperative complications, e.g. delayed wound healing, infection, sepsis, multiorgan failure, or progression of malignant disease. Despite insufficient empiric knowledge concerning the influence of acute postoperative pain on the immunological system, direct bilateral communication between the immunological and nervous system is doubtless. Efficient controll of postoperative pain fundamentally preserves immunological functions. Better understanding of postoperative changes in the homoeostasis of the immunological system can help to identify the most suitable surgical and anaesthesiological techniques to protect and reinforce immunological status. Minimally invasive approach seems to preserve immunological functions better compared to open surgery and may therefore be beneficial for patient´s recovery.
Keywords: pain, immune response, postoperative period, laparoscopy, laparoscopic surgery
