Pediatria pre prax 1/2019
General approach to suspected poisoning in children
In 2017, Czech Toxicological Information Center (TIC) provided 9 621 consultations concerning intoxications or exposures to hazardous substances, mixtures, and products in the patients under 18 years of age. The most common cause was the drug intoxication. Poisoning in children under the age of 5 years most frequently happened accidentally. In adolescents, poisonings occurred mainly due to suicide attempts. Severe intoxications of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers were rare. Important elements of the diagnostics of poisoning are: relevant medical history, physical examination, laboratory and X-ray methods and consultation with TIC. In case of exposure to a toxic dose of hazardous substances, primary decontamination should be performed as early as possible. Specific antidotes and enhanced elimination methods are applied if indicated in severe cases. Supportive care is of utmost importance. Intoxications in children could be prevented in most cases. Health care personnel can efficiently promote prevention with educational campaigns focused on the parents.
Keywords: intoxication, diagnosis of poisoning, decontamination, antidotes, enhanced elimination
