Súčasné možnosti liečby pokročilého a metastatického karcinómu žlčových ciest // SOLEN

Onkológia 5/2025

Current therapeutic options for advanced and metastatic biliary tract cancer

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most common subtype of biliary tract cancer (BTC) and a disease with a poor prognosis. The incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is rising, particularly in developed countries. Risk factors include primary sclerosing cholangitis, viral hepatitis, parasitic infections, and genetic predispositions. Advances in molecular diagnostics (IDH1/2, FGFR2, KRAS, TP53, BAP1) have enabled the development of personalized therapeutic strategies. Standard chemotherapy (gemcitabine/cisplatin) is increasingly combined with immunotherapy (durvalumab, pembrolizumab) and targeted agents (e.g., pemigatinib). This review article summarizes current knowledge into the pathogenesis and treatment of CCA, with emphasis on a molecularly targeted approach.

Keywords: cholangiocarcinoma, immunotherapy, personalized treatment, molecular diagnostics