Onkológia 2/2018
Pokrok v imunoterapii malígneho melanómu a karcinómu pľúc inhibítormi imunitných kontrolných bodov
Progress in immunotherapy of malignant melanoma and lung carcinoma by immune checkpoint inhibitors There has been a breakthrough in the therapeutic use of a patient‘s own immune system in the treatment of solid tumors in the past decade. CTLA4 and PD1 receptors blocking therapeutic antibodies that are blocking the transmission of immunosuppressive signal to cytotoxic T lymphocytes achieved clinically meaningful remissions and stabilization of several types of advanced cancer. These remissions and disease stabilization have a real clinical value for the patient, as they are long-lasting. Even the curative potential of these remissions is anticipated. Unlike palliative chemotherapy, which often achieves the clinically controversial benefit of short-term survival at the cost of serious adverse events, the incidence of serious adverse events associated with this immunotherapy is substantially lower. In 2011, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of the therapeutic antibody ipilimumab that blocks the CTLA4 receptor in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma. In 2014, the therapeutic antibodies against the PD1 receptor pembrolizumab and nivolumab were approved in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Subsequently, the therapeutic efficacy of antibodies blocking PD1 signaling pathway was also demonstrated in other advanced cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer, Hodgkin‘s lymphoma, epidermoid head and neck cancer and MSI positive colorectal carcinoma.
Keywords: malignant melanoma, lung cancer, CTLA4 a PD1 receptors
