Neurológia pre prax 3/2018
Diabetická polyneuropatia
Diabetic polyneuropathy Diabetes causes a broad sprectrum of neuropathic complications, including acute and chronic forms affecting each level of the peripheral nerve, from the root to the distal axon. Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is currently considered a heterogeneous disease with different pathogenetic mechanisms in different clinical syndromes. The most common form is distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN), which often goes insidious and unnoticed and its most serious complication is diabetic foot. In addition to known risk factors such as diabetes duration or long-term metabolic control, new factors such as cardiovascular factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity), age, smoking, and recurrent episodes of ketoacidosis have recently been identified. In preventing the development of neuropathy, metabolic control, lifestyle modification and exercise are very important. Among the pathogenetic drugs, alphalipoic acid has a dominant position. Neuropathic pain treatment is particularly needed to improve the overall patient´s quality of life. Early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy is crucial for early medical intervention.
Keywords: diabetes, diabetic neuropathy, polyneuropathy, diagnosis, risk factors, treatment
